A one person company is a private company, but three things about its annual cycle are genuinely different: it holds no annual general meeting, its accounts are adopted by the member alone, and Form AOC-4 runs from the close of the financial year rather than from a meeting. Those differences are where most of the mistakes are made.
On this page
▾Annual filings
▾Meetings
▾Documents to be drafted
▾Tax and accounting
▾Labour law
▾Event-based compliances
Annual filings with the Registrar of Companies
Because there is no annual general meeting, the due dates do not hang off a meeting date in the way they do for every other company.
| # | Compliance | Due date |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Form AOC-4 — the financial statements adopted by the member, with the Board's Report and the auditor's report. | Within 180 days of the close of the financial year, that is 27 September for a 31 March year end |
| 2 | Form AOC-1, Form AOC-2 and the structured extracts of the Board's Report and the auditor's report. | Filed along with Form AOC-4 |
| 3 | Form MGT-7A — the abridged annual return, which is mandatory for a one person company. | Commonly taken as 28 November for a 31 March year end |
| 4 | Form DPT-3 — return of deposits, and of money received which is not treated as a deposit, as it stood on 31 March | On or before 30 June every year |
| 5 | Form MSME-1 — half-yearly return of amounts due to micro and small enterprise suppliers that have been outstanding for more than forty-five days | 31 October for April to September, and 30 April for October to March |
| 6 | Form DIR-3 KYC Web — know-your-customer confirmation by every person holding a DIN. | 30 June of every third financial year. A change in mobile number, email address or residential address must still be intimated within thirty days |
| 7 | Form ADT-1 — intimation of the appointment of the auditor. | Within fifteen days of the meeting at which the auditor is appointed |
| 8 | Form CSR-2 — report on corporate social responsibility, where section 135 applies. | After Form AOC-4, by the date notified for the year |
Form AOC-4 CFS, Form MGT-8, Form MGT-14 and Form PAS-6 do not apply to a one person company, and nor does a cash flow statement.
Adoption is by the member, not by a meeting. The resolution adopting the accounts is entered in the minutes book and signed and dated by the sole member under section 122(3). That signed entry is what stands in place of the minutes of an annual general meeting, and it is the document a Registrar will ask for. A contract between the company and the sole member who is also a director must be recorded in the minutes and intimated to the Registrar within fifteen days — section 193.
Board meetings
A one person company holds no annual general meeting at all. Section 96(1) opens with the words — every company other than a one person company. What it has to hold depends on how many directors there are.
| # | Meeting or obligation | Requirement |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Annual general meeting | Not required. Section 96(1) expressly excludes a one person company |
| 2 | Board meetings — where there is more than one director | Two in each calendar year, one in each half, with a gap of not less than ninety days — section 173(5) |
| 3 | Board meetings — where there is only one director | None. The proviso to section 173(5) disapplies both section 173(5) and section 174. The sole director records the decision in the minutes book under section 122(4), and that entry is the resolution |
| 4 | Notice of a Board meeting | Seven days, where a meeting is held |
| 5 | Secretarial Standards | SS-1 does not apply to a one person company that has only one director |
| 6 | Signing of the financial statements | One director is enough — proviso to section 134(1) |
Documents required to be drafted
Several of these are drafted every year but are never filed with the Registrar. They are kept at the registered office, and they are the first things a Registrar, an inspecting officer or a due diligence team asks to see. The absence of a properly dated MBP-1 or DIR-8, or of minutes entered within time, is one of the most common findings in a secretarial audit.
| # | Document | When |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Form MBP-1 — every director's notice of interest in other bodies corporate, firms and concerns. | At the first Board meeting of every financial year, and again on any change |
| 2 | Form DIR-8 — each director's declaration that he is not disqualified under section 164(2). | At the first Board meeting of every financial year, and on appointment or re-appointment |
| 3 | Notice, agenda and notes on agenda for every Board meeting | At least seven days before each meeting |
| 4 | Financial statements in the form prescribed by Schedule III — balance sheet, statement of profit and loss, statement of changes in equity and the notes | Before the accounts are adopted |
| 5 | Board's Report, including the Directors' Responsibility Statement under section 134(5). | Approved by the Board along with the accounts |
| 6 | Form AOC-1 — statement of the salient features of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, and Form AOC-2 — particulars of contracts with related parties. | Annexed to the Board's Report |
| 7 | Auditor's report, and the report under the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 where that Order applies | With the financial statements |
| 8 | Annual report on corporate social responsibility, where section 135 applies | Annexed to the Board's Report |
| 9 | Board resolutions approving the financial statements and the Board's Report, appointing or re-appointing the auditor, calling the general meeting and authorising the signatories | At the Board meeting at which the accounts are approved |
| 10 | Minutes of every Board meeting, committee meeting and general meeting, signed and kept in the minutes book | Entered within thirty days of the meeting |
| 11 | Documents relating to dividend — the declaration, the unpaid dividend account and the statement of unclaimed amounts placed on the website, where a dividend is declared | Within the timelines in sections 123 and 124 |
Statutory registers and records to be maintained
- Register of members in Form MGT-1, with the index where there are more than fifty members — section 88(1)(a) and rule 3 of the Companies (Management and Administration) Rules, 2014. Kept permanently.
- Register of debenture holders or other security holders in Form MGT-2 — section 88(1)(b) and (c).
- Register of renewed and duplicate share certificates in Form SH-2, register of sweat equity in Form SH-3, register of employee stock options in Form SH-6 and register of shares bought back in Form SH-10, where any of these arise.
- Register of charges in Form CHG-7, together with the instruments creating each charge — section 85(1). The register is kept permanently; the instruments for eight years from satisfaction.
- Register of directors and key managerial personnel and of their shareholding — section 170(1).
- Register of loans, guarantees, security and investments in Form MBP-2 — section 186(9); register of investments not held in the company's own name in Form MBP-3; and the register of contracts and arrangements in which directors are interested in Form MBP-4 — section 189(1).
- Register of significant beneficial owners in Form BEN-3 — section 90(2).
- Books of account and the vouchers supporting them, kept for eight financial years — section 128(5).
- Minutes books for Board meetings, committee meetings and general meetings, kept permanently, and the attendance registers for eight years — section 118 read with Secretarial Standards SS-1 and SS-2.
- Copies of every return and form filed with the Registrar, kept for eight years — section 94(1).
Taxation and accounting compliances
Alongside the filings with the Registrar, the following tax and accounting compliances commonly apply. Which of them actually bite depends on turnover, on the nature of the receipts and on registration under the respective statute.
| # | Compliance | Due date |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Form ITR-6 — return of income. | 31 October following the financial year; 30 November where Form 3CEB is required |
| 2 | Form 3CA and Form 3CD — tax audit report under section 44AB, where turnover exceeds ₹1 crore (or ₹10 crore where cash receipts and cash payments are each not more than five per cent), or gross receipts from a profession exceed ₹50 lakh | 30 September; 31 October where transfer pricing applies |
| 3 | Form 3CEB — accountant's report on international transactions and specified domestic transactions | 31 October |
| 4 | Form 61A — statement of financial transactions, where the company issues or buys back shares, or is liable to tax audit and receives cash above ₹2 lakh | 31 May |
| 5 | GST returns — GSTR-1 monthly (11th of the following month) or quarterly under QRMP (13th of the month after the quarter), and GSTR-3B monthly (20th) or quarterly (22nd or 24th, depending on the State group). | Monthly or quarterly, as opted |
| 6 | GSTR-9 — GST annual return, where aggregate turnover exceeds ₹2 crore | 31 December following the financial year |
| 7 | GSTR-9C — self-certified reconciliation statement, where aggregate turnover exceeds ₹5 crore | 31 December following the financial year |
| 8 | TDS returns — Form 24Q (salary), 26Q (resident non-salary) and 27Q (non-resident), by every person holding a TAN | 31 July, 31 October, 31 January and 31 May |
| 9 | TCS return — Form 27EQ, by every person liable to collect tax at source | 15 July, 15 October, 15 January and 15 May |
| 10 | Monthly deposit of TDS and TCS | 7th of the following month; 30 April for March |
| 11 | TDS and TCS certificates — Form 16 (salary), Form 16A and Form 27D | Form 16 by 15 June; Form 16A and 27D within 15 days of the return due date |
| 12 | Advance tax — where the tax liability for the year is ₹10,000 or more, in instalments of 15, 45, 75 and 100 per cent of the estimated liability | 15 June, 15 September, 15 December and 15 March |
Dates are those applicable to the financial year 2025-26 (assessment year 2026-27). The Income-tax Act, 2025 replaces the 1961 Act from tax year 2026-27, and the section numbers in every tax checklist will change from that year — the dates above are stated on the 1961 Act as it applies to this cycle.
Labour law compliances and their applicability
Labour law obligations are triggered by headcount and by wage levels rather than by the form of the entity, so the same table applies whether the employer is a company, an LLP, a firm or a proprietor. The threshold column is what decides whether a line applies at all.
| # | Compliance | Applies to |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Employees' Provident Fund — monthly ECR and remittance of contributions at 12 per cent by each of employer and employee. Paid by the 15th of the following month. | Establishments employing 20 or more persons. Mandatory coverage up to a wage of ₹15,000 a month; voluntary coverage is possible below the threshold |
| 2 | Employees' State Insurance — monthly contribution and challan at 3.25 per cent (employer) and 0.75 per cent (employee), by the 15th of the following month, and the half-yearly return of contributions where the region still requires it | Establishments employing 10 or more persons (20 in some States for shops). Covers employees drawing wages up to ₹21,000 a month, or ₹25,000 for a person with disability |
| 3 | POSH — constitution of the Internal Committee, a policy, and an awareness and training programme | Every workplace with 10 or more employees, counting all workers of every description. Members hold office for a maximum of three years and must then be reconstituted |
| 4 | POSH annual report to the District Officer, and the disclosure of the number of complaints in the Board's report | Every employer that is required to have an Internal Committee. |
| 5 | Payment of Bonus — payment of the annual bonus and the annual return in Form D | Establishments employing 20 or more persons, for employees drawing up to ₹21,000 a month. Bonus is payable within eight months of the close of the year |
| 6 | Payment of Gratuity — payment on the event, and the notices in Forms A, B and C | Establishments employing 10 or more persons. Payable after five years of continuous service, and after one year for a fixed-term employee |
| 7 | Maternity Benefit — 26 weeks of paid leave, and the registers and returns under the State rules | Establishments employing 10 or more persons. A creche is required at 50 or more |
| 8 | Professional tax — enrolment, registration and the periodic return | Only in the States that levy it — Maharashtra, Karnataka, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Kerala, Assam and others. It is not levied in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan or Punjab |
| 9 | Shops and Establishments — registration and, where the State requires it, renewal | Every shop and commercial establishment, from the day it commences. Registration within 30 days; renewal cycles run from one year to lifetime depending on the State |
| 10 | Contract labour — registration of the principal employer, licensing of the contractor, and the periodic returns | Where 20 or more contract workers are engaged (the threshold is 50 under the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020) |
| 11 | Minimum wages — payment at not less than the notified rate, with the variable dearness allowance revision | Every scheduled employment. Central revisions usually take effect on 1 April and 1 October; State cycles differ |
Headcount thresholds are counted across the establishment, not the entity, and several of them are State-specific. Where an entity operates from more than one State the position must be tested State by State.
The four Labour Codes are now in force. The Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 and the Code on Social Security, 2020 were brought into force on 21 November 2025, and the Central Rules were notified in May 2026. The Employees' State Insurance Act, the Payment of Bonus Act, the Payment of Gratuity Act and the Maternity Benefit Act stand subsumed into the corresponding chapters of the Code on Social Security; the Employees' Provident Funds Act was preserved by a corrigendum issued in December 2025 pending a further notification. In practice the EPFO and ESIC portals, forms and dates continue as before, so the table above still describes what has to be done. The change that matters most is the new definition of wages, under which basic pay and dearness allowance must be at least half of total remuneration — it re-bases provident fund, gratuity, bonus and leave encashment for almost every employer. State rules remain incomplete in several States.
Event-based compliances
Everything set out above recurs every year. Separately from these, a one person company attracts event-based compliances — obligations that arise only when something particular happens, and that usually carry a short deadline running from the date of the event itself rather than from the close of the financial year.
These are not listed here, and deliberately so. They run to a very long list, they depend
entirely on what has actually happened, and a general page cannot tell you which of them apply
to you. Typical triggers include a change in the persons in charge, a change in capital or in
the constitution, the creation or satisfaction of security over assets, a change of address, the
approval of a transaction of a kind that requires prior consent, and the acquisition or disposal
of an interest by a person who has to be reported to the Registrar of Companies. Several of them carry a filing
window of 15 or 30 days, and the additional fee for filing late can be many times the
normal fee.
If an event of this kind has occurred, or is being planned, the position should be checked before the deadline rather than after it. Please write to us with what has happened and we will tell you what has to be filed and by when.
These are the major compliances applicable to a one person company. They are not the whole of the law.
This checklist is general. It sets out the filings, meetings, documents and returns that apply to
most One Person Companys in the ordinary course. Apart from these, there may well be further compliances
that apply to you — because of the sector you operate in, the licences you hold, the States
you operate from, the composition of your ownership, a foreign shareholder or lender, a
registration you have taken under a special statute, or simply because of something that has
happened during the year. Thresholds and due dates also change from year to year, and a date that
is right for one financial year may not be right for the next.
Please do not treat this page as advice on your own facts. Before you rely on it, have the position checked against your own constitution documents, your last filed accounts and your actual figures for the year. We would be glad to do that for you.
Have your position checked
Tell us what the entity is and we will confirm exactly which of these apply to you this year, what is already overdue, and what it will cost to put right.
Prepared by MPS & Associates, Company Secretaries, on the law as it stood on 3 August 2026, by reference to the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the Securities and Exchange Board of India, BSE Limited, the National Stock Exchange of India Limited, the Reserve Bank of India, the Central Board of Direct Taxes and the Goods and Services Tax Network, as applicable. Statutes, rules, thresholds and due dates change. Nothing on this page is professional advice, and no professional relationship arises from reading it. Please see our Disclaimer.